The Scarborough Mirror

Poor oral hygiene can cause unnecessary pain and discomfort and is an area of health that is often overlooked by pet guardians.

The Veterinary Oral Hygiene Council website said the cause of gum disease is the same in cats and dogs as it is in people. A buildup of plaque and tartar is the culprit is behind periodontal disease.

Plaque is made up of bacteria, salivary proteins and food debris. It can build up between teeth and if not cleaned off or removed it can form pockets between teeth and gums, which cause the gums to become irritated, inflamed and even painful.

If the problem goes untreated for too long, your pet can lose teeth.

Many pet owners believe that dental disease is associated only with the pet's mouth, however, other organs that have significant blood flow - such as the lungs, heart, liver and kidney - can be affected.

Bacteria in the lungs can cause respiratory infections, the heart can become inflamed or damaged, and kidneys may become infected.

It is important to observe warning signs such as bad breath, loose or missing teeth, tartar on the teeth near the gum line, red, swollen or irritated gums, pain or bleeding when your pet eats, or difficulty eating.

If you notice any of these signs, you should see your veterinarian right away for a complete examination.

Prevention is the best way to avoid dental disease.

Begin a dental care regimen at home. Your veterinarian can suggest steps that may include brushing your pet's teeth with special brushes and pastes made specifically for pets - do not use human toothpaste as it may cause stomach upsets for pets.

There are specially formulated foods and chewing products that have a good track record in combating plaque and tartar buildup.

However, research such products carefully and if in doubt, speak to your veterinarian about the different options for your specific pet as some products are safer and more effective than others.

It's recommended you take your pet to the veterinarian if you suspect a problem; don't wait for annual exam time.

Here's some tooth trivia for you: Dogs have 28 puppy teeth and 42 adult teeth. Cats have 26 kitten teeth and 30 adult teeth. Good dental care will help keep all those adult pearly whites where they should be - in their mouths for life.